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Old February 27th, 2007 #1
Chain
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Default The Sakas & Gandhara Sculptures In Scythian Stupas

Anyone can see, this is a White man.

http://www.livius.org/a/pakistan/taxila/menander.html
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This coin shows the second-century BCE Indo-Greek king Menander of Taxila, the capital of the western Punjab and Gandara.
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Gandhāra (Urdu: گندھارا Gandḥārā; derived from Sanskrit: गन्धार literally meaning "perfumed"; also known as...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhara
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The Aryans moved into Gandhara and the rest of North Western Pakistan around 1500BC.
http://www.answers.com/topic/indo-scythians
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The Indo-Scythians are a branch of the Indo-Iranian Sakas (Scythians), who migrated from southern Siberia into Bactria, Sogdiana, Arachosia, Gandhara, Kashmir, Punjab, and finally into remaining parts of Western and Central India from the middle of the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century BCE. The first Saka King in India was Maues or Moga who established Saka power in Gandhara and gradually extended supremacy over north-western India
http://66.102.9.104/search?q=cache:q...n&ct=clnk&cd=1
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The ancestors of the Indo-Scythians are thought to be Sakas (Scythian) tribes, originally settled in southern Siberia, in the Ili river area.

Around 175 BCE, the Yuezhi tribes (probable related to the Tocharians) who lived in modern day Gansu, were defeated by the Xiongnu (Huns) tribes, and had to migrate towards the West into the Ili river area. There, they displaced the Sakas, who had to migrate south into Ferghana and Sogdiana. According to the Chinese historical chronicles (who call the Sakas, "Sai" 塞):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Scythians

http://www.kantipuronline.com/feature.php?&nid=102080
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Gandhara sculptures decorate the base of the stupas or stand in niches within the monasteries. The base has different panels, each separated by pilasters, with square corner pillars having elaborate bracket capitals of different orders. The pillars support the entablature, marked by architrave friezes and cornices of different designs. One such stupa of the Parthian period is called a double-head eagle shrine at Sirkap
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Of Scythian origin, the double-headed bird motif...

http://www.livius.org/a/pakistan/tax...ap15_stupa.jpg


http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&om=1...6,0.008669&t=h
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If ever a city commanded a crossing of main roads, it was Taxila...the city was also connected with the Silk road between Babylonia in the far west and China in the far east.
The oldest part is Bhir (satellite photo), which consists of several building phases:
the oldest stratum, usually dated to the sixth and fifth centuries BCE (SEE LINK DIRECTLY ABOVE)
http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/taxila/EAGLE.htm



because its base shows three different types of arches from three transitions, the central arch having such a bird on its crown. It is from the stupas of the Scythian period at Sirkap that some architectural pieces have been recovered and they speak of the Scythian style of Gandhara art. The pieces are decorated in their front with human figures, male or female, in an outlandish manner, with tight fitting clothes on a muscular rigid body, curly hair, roundish face, open eyes, loosely ornamented, sometimes having a slovenly worn garment in rigid folds.

Gandhara is a region in the north-west of the South Asian sub-continent, comprised of the Peshawar Valley, including the present day districts of Peshawar, Mardan, Swat and Dir, as well as Malakand and Bajaur agencies on the west bank of the Indus in the North-West Frontier province of Pakistan and Taxila beyond the Indus on the east.

The Rigveda, an ancient sacred book of the Aryans, includes a poem on Gandhara while the Atharvaveda has talked about the Gandharis, the people of Gandhara. The name also appears in ancient inscriptions dating back to Achaemenian Persia. The Behistun inscription listing the 23 territories of King Darius I (522-486 BC) includes Gandhara along with Bactria and Sattagudi. An inscription found in the remains of the Persian Susa Palace lists the regions from which materials to build the palace were supplied - according to this inscription, the timber came from Gandhara. In the book Historica by Herodotus, the ancient Greek historian, the name of Gandhara has been mentioned as one of the regions of territory where tax was collected by King Darius I.

Geographically, Gandhara is a triangular piece of land, about 100 kilometres across east to west and 70 kilometres north to south, on the west side of the Indus river which is surrounded on three sides by mountains. The earliest record of Gandhara dates to the sixth century BC in the days of the Buddha. Gandhara was a part of the reigns of Cyrus II and Darius I. At the end of the 4th century BC, Gandhara was invaded by Alexander the Great. He captured and held for a time the town of Ora in Swat (the Udegram ruins), Pushkalavati (Charsada), the capital at the time and the area around the Indus river basin Hund. Alexander is said to have stayed in Taxila for five days.
Does this look like an asian or Indian to you?
Detail of a devotee, possibly a Bodhisattva. (See other images below)





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Gandharan stone palette. Attributed to the 1st century CE. British Museum.


http://www.answers.com/topic/bimaran-casket
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Bimaran casket

The Bimaran casket, with the Buddha, surrounded by Brahma (Buddhism) (left) and Śakra (right). British Museum.The Bimaran casket is a small gold reliquary for Buddhist relics that was found
inside the stupa no.2 at Bimaran, near Jalalabad in eastern Afghanistan.

When it was found by the archaeologist Charles Masson during his work in Afghanistan between 1833 and 1838,

http://www.harappa.com/har/masson04.html
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View of Jelalabad [Afghanistan] from the South
Frontispiece to Narrative by Charles Masson (1842)
the casket contained coins of the Indo-Scythian king Azes II,
suggesting a date around 30 BCE to around 10 BCE. It is also sometimes dated to a slightly posterior date of 50 CE, based on a redeposition theory, and sometimes much later (2nd century CE), based on artistic assumptions.


Description
The casket features hellenistic representations of the Buddha (contrapposto pose, Greek himation, bundled hairstyle, realistic execution), surrounded by the Indian deities Brahma and Śakra, inside arches niches (called "homme arcade", or caitya) of Greco-Roman architecture. There are altogether eight figures in high-relief (two identical groups of Brahman-Buddha-Indra, and two devotees in-between) and two rows of rubis from Badakhshan.

Detail of the Buddha, where the rare posture and light dress are visible.Owing to their necklace, bracelets, and armbands, and aurora, the two devotees might be representations of Bodhisattvas. They hold their hands together in a prayerful gesture of reverence, anjali-mudra.

The casket is made in gold-repoussé and is very small, with a height of 7 cm (2¾ in), and is probably Indo-Greek work. It is considered as a masterpiece of the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara.

http://www.answers.com/topic/bimaran-casket
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Steatite container

The steatite box that contained the Bimaran casket.The Bimaran casket was kept in a steatite box, with inscriptions stating that it contained some relics of the Buddha. When opened in the 19th century, the box did not contain identifiable relics, but instead some burnt pearls, bead of precious and semi-precious stones, and the four coins of Azes II.

The inscriptions written on the box are:

Main body of the container:
"Shivaraksita mumjavamdaputrasa danamuhe niyadide bhagavata sharirehi sarvabudhana puyae"
"Sacred gift of Shivaraksita, son of Munjavamda; presented for Lord's relics, in honour of all Buddhas" (Translation by Fussman)
Lid of the container:
"Shivaraksita mumjavamdaputrasa danamuhe bhagavata sharirehi"
"Gift of Shivaraksita, son of Munjavamda; presented for Lord's relics"

Last edited by Chain; February 27th, 2007 at 12:39 PM.
 
Old February 27th, 2007 #2
Chain
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Posts: 4,473
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Look at this hair. Obviously, White men.
Quote:
"Kings with dragons".
The treasure of the royal burial Tillia tepe is attributed to 1st century BCE Sakas in Bactria.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:MenWithDragons.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Scythians


Sirkap is across the river from Taxila. Here is the founder of Sirkap, one
Demetrius I of Bactria. He wasn't Sak, but was Greco-Bactrian. Demetrius l
preceded Meander of Taxila (the Saka) by just a few years.

WTF! Demetrius l looks like a pudgy Paul Revere. Why aren't American kids taught this comprehensively? Cause they are too busy learning about spics and niggers and jews, and every other invader to North America under the sun.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirkap


===========================
A second coin picturing the Saka (Scythian-descended) king Menander (see coin in first post of this thread):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menander_I


A third coin showing Menander:


A fourth coin showing Menander:

==============================
http://66.102.9.104/search?q=cache:B...n&ct=clnk&cd=2

Last edited by Chain; February 27th, 2007 at 12:43 PM.
 
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